![]() 2008 Ford Escape Hybrid ( L4 2.3L) Battery Size = ( Group 96R, 500 CCA ).2009 Ford Escape ( V6 3.0L) Battery Size = ( Group 40R, 590 CCA ).2009 Ford Escape GAS ( L4 2.5L) Battery Size = ( Group 40R, 590 CCA ). ![]() 2009 Ford Escape Hybrid ( L4 2.5L) Battery Size = ( Group 96R, 500 CCA ).2010 Ford Escape ( V6 3.0L) Battery Size = ( Group 40R, 650 CCA ).2010 Ford Escape Optional ( L4 2.5L) Battery Size = ( Group 40R, 590 CCA ).2010 Ford Escape GAS ( L4 2.5L) Battery Size = ( Group 40R, 650 CCA ).2010 Ford Escape Optional ( L4 2.5L) Battery Size = ( Group 96R, 590 CCA ).2010 Ford Escape Hybrid (L4 2.5L) Battery Size = ( Group 96R, 500 CCA).2011 Ford Escape Battery Size (ALL) = ( Group 96R).2012 Ford Escape Battery Size (ALL) = ( Group 96R).2013 Ford Escape Battery Size (ALL) = ( Group 96R).2014 Ford Escape Battery Size (ALL) = ( Group 96R).2015 Ford Escape Battery Size (ALL) = ( Group 96R).2016 Ford Escape Battery Size (ALL) = ( Group 96R).2017 Ford Escape W/O Smart/Intelligent Access ( L4 2.5L) Battery Size = ( Group 96R, 590 CCA).2017 Ford Escape W/Smart/Intelligent Access ( L4 2.0L) Battery Size = (Group 48, 760 CCA).2017 Ford Escape W/O Smart/Intelligent Access ( L4 2.0L) Battery Size = (Group 96R, 590 CCA).2017 Ford Escape W/ Smart/Intelligent Access ( L4 1.5L) Battery Size = (Group 48, 760 CCA).2017 Ford Escape W/O Smart/Intelligent Access ( L4 1.5L) Battery Size = (Group 96R, 590 CCA).2018 Ford Escape Battery Size (L4 1.5L) = (Group 96R, 590 CCA).2018 Ford Escape Battery Size (L4 2.5L) = (Group 96R, 590 CCA).2018 Ford Escape W/Smart/Intelligent Access (L4 2.0) Battery Size = (Group 48, 760 CCA).2018 Ford Escape W/O Smart/Intelligent Access (L4 2.0L) Battery Size = (Group 96R, 590 CCA).2018 Ford Escape W/Smart/Intelligent Access (L4 1.5L) Battery Size = (Group 48, 760 CCA).2018 Ford Escape W/O Smart/Intelligent Access (L4 1.5L) Battery Size = (Group 96R, 590 CCA).2019 Ford Escape Battery Size (L4 2.5L) = ( Group 96R, 590 CCA).2019 Ford Escape Battery Size (L4 2.0L) = ( Group 48, 760 CCA).2019 Ford Escape Battery Size (L4 1.5L) = ( Group 48, 760 CCA).2020 Ford Escape Battery Size (ALL) = ( Group 48).Before you install any of our recommended batteries, seek advice from a professional. Also, we have added the batteries for each of these models. ![]() Here are Ford Escape vehicles launched between 2000 to 2020. On top of that, the power source allows you to use the accessories without any issues.Īre you looking for the right battery for your Ford Escape? If yes, check through our article and get the right fit for your vehicle. When it comes down to it, such a device provides the ideal power for starting and moving the vehicle. Loved for its amazing features, this compact SUV comes as a great choice for many drivers.īut before you can enjoy the specs on the Ford Escape, it would help if you got the right battery. The Ford Escape is one of the most popular vehicles from the Ford lineup.
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![]() 7Ĭlinical examination of the patient with a distal tibial fracture should be performed according to the Advanced Trauma Life Support protocol, 14 as a significant number of patients may have additional injuries.Ĭlinical examination includes a thorough, systematic clinical assessment to include peripheral pulses and a careful neurological assessment. If the ankle is in a neutral position, usually total involvement of the articular surface is seen with a Y-type separation of anterior and posterior fragments frequently with central joint impaction ( Fig. The opposite situation occurs when the foot is dorsiflexed causing the talar dome to impact on the anterior part of the distal tibial articular surface. ![]() With plantarflexion of the foot, most forces are directed to the dorsal (posterior) part of the articular surface and lead to the formation of a relatively large posterior fragment. The severity of the articular injury depends on the amount of energy applied and the position of foot at the time of impact. On the other hand, higher energy axial compression forces lead to intra-articular fractures of the distal tibia when the convex talar dome impacts the concave plafond of the distal tibia. These are usually closed, resulting from low energy and the associated soft-tissue injuries are not usually severe. Rotational forces (torsion) usually lead to a spiral fracture which may be intra- or extra-articular. Physical therapist’s guide to ankle fracture.Mechanisms of injury, epidemiology and concomitant injuriesĭistal tibial fractures are usually caused by two possible types of forces: rotational and/or axial loads. Broken fibula needs time and patience.Retrieved from What is the best way to treat anavulsion fracture in a young athlete? Retrieved from Risk factors for fracture of the shafts ofthe tibia and fibula in older individuals. Broken tibia/fibula (shin bone/calf) symptomsand causes.Orthopaedics& Traumatology: Surgery & Research, 100(4), S255-S259 Internal fixation of thefibula in ankle fractures: A prospective, randomized and comparative study: Platingversus nailing. Asloum, Y., Bedin, B., Roger, T., Charissoux,J.You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. This is usually done until you’re ready for internal fixations.Īfter surgery, you’ll get a cast to promote healing. Severe open fractures require external fixations, where the metal screws or pins project outside the skin to keep the bones in place. For internal fixations, your doctor will place metal implants inside the broken bone to hold the fracture together while it heals. determining whether antibiotics are needed to prevent infectionĭuring surgery, your doctor may use internal or external methods for fixing your fracture.getting imaging tests to see what type of surgery is needed.stabilizing the wound to keep bones in place before surgery.cleaning the wound to avoid contamination and infection.Open fractures require surgery as there may be additional injuries, such as skin loss and damage to arteries. Follow the RICE principle while you wait for help: rest, ice, compression, and elevation. Seek emergency medical attention if you have an open fracture. When surgery isn’t needed, your doctor will usually use electrical and magnetic stimulation devices along with bone grafting. nonunion: Nonunion can be surgical or noninvasive, and it’s done when the ends of a fractured bone don’t heal together.open reduction: Your doctor does invasive surgery on bones that may have broken in more than two places.closed reduction: Your doctor realigns ends of a broken bone without cutting into your skin.If you do require additional treatment to realign your bones, your doctor may recommend: A splint or cast that prevents movement is usually all that is needed unless there are other parts of the leg that are also injured. Closed (simple) fracture treatmentĬlosed fractures may or may not need surgery. A physical therapist can teach you how to walk without putting weight on the broken leg. This prevents movement so the fracture can heal. Whether closed or open, after your doctor aligns your bones, they’ll place your leg in a cast or splint. Fractures are often categorized as closed (skin is intact) or open (skin is broken). Treatment depends on how severe the fracture is, the type, and where the injury is. This theoretically prevents babies falling to the ground as they might if it were just a mattress on the floor and allows parents to more cautiously experiment with floor beds. ![]() The "hack" we did was simple: put the slat foundation on the floor with the mattress on top and then the sides of the bed become a kind of surrounding guardrail. We just bought the Kura after reading about the the popular trick to turn this into a Montessori-inspired floor bed. I just realized the same thing after spending my whole Saturday on this. I wish I would have heard this before we fought through Ikea for that bed. Until then, this is not suitable for babies. If you have an older kid, this bed would be a lot of fun. Nothing about this bed beats a simple mattress on the floor. Getting in and out of the bed with the bottom and top rail as an adult is a pain (think reading books or snuggling when kiddo is ill). It's hard to find a decent, non-foam, mattress that isn't 14" tall (personally hate foam). We shoulda started with the simple mattress on the floor.Įvery member of our family, including the kid sleeping in it, has nearly gotten a concussion from one side of that bed or another. The thought was the kid would transition more easily from a pack-n-play to a bed with sides and be less likely to roll off and maybe also feel more secure.all this compared to just a mattress on the floor. Remember: It may take a few days or weeks for your child to adjust to the new rules – try to be patient! With a little time and some guidance, your child will soon be sleeping soundly on their new floor bed.When looking at floor bed options, we got a little caught up on Montessori maddened and picked up an Ikea Kura bed to set up as a floor bed for our then 1 year old. A ready to rise clock can help teach your little one to stay in their room until it’s time to get up for the day. Let them know that they can read a book or play quietly after you say goodnight, but they need to stay in their room. 5 | Be consistentĪs you prepare to give your child more freedom, set clear expectations for their behavior and follow through. Having fewer things available at once will reduce distractions and help them sleep through the night. A small number of board books and quiet toys is all your little one needs. It’s a good idea to limit the number of items in your child’s room. A baby gate in the doorway can help prevent your toddler from wandering around the house unsupervised. 3 | Make sure everything is child-proofedīecause your child will be able to move around their room freely, it’s important to eliminate safety hazards like cords and electrical outlets small objects that could be choked on and heavy, unsecured furniture. ![]() You may also want to let your child pick out their own bedding to make it feel more personal. 2 | Create a comfortable & inviting spaceĮncouraging your child to bring a comfort object to bed with them, like a favorite book or toy, can help. If possible, let them nap in the bed for a few days before you make the switch at night. Show your child where the bed will be placed and let them help you set it up. Here are a few tips to help you make the switch… 1 | Introduce the new bed gradually But with a little preparation, you can set yourself up for a smooth transition. Making the switch from a crib to a floor bed can be a big adjustment for both you and your child. They can give you personalized advice based on your child’s individual needs. ![]() You can check out the AAP Safe Sleep Guidelines to learn more!Īt the end of the day, every child is different, so it’s important to consult with your child’s pediatrician if you have any questions about making the switch. This may make a floor bed impractical at this age, unless your bedroom is 100% baby-proofed. Avoid using soft bedding or bumpers in your child’s bed, as well as pillows, stuffed animals, and similar items.īabies under 12 months should also sleep in the same room (but not the same bed) as a caregiver. ![]() If your child is under 2, it’s critical that they sleep on a flat, firm mattress with a fitted sheet. But ultimately, it’s up to you to decide when the time is right for your child! Keep safe sleep practices in mind Moving to a floor bed at this age gives your child time to establish healthy sleep habits and start showing more interest in being independent. The sweet spot is likely somewhere between 16 months and 2 years. Some Montessori families choose to move their baby to a floor bed during the first few months of life, while others wait until their child is 2 or 3 years old. At what age should your child start sleeping on a floor bed? The short answer is: E very child is different. ![]() ![]() IPRs offer guarantees to consumers, through trademarks and geographical indications that identify the origin of the creation and can act as quality indicators.IPRs give businesses an opportunity to earn back the money they have invested in developing a product or their companies reputation - when a company’s ideas, brands or products are pirated and counterfeited, it reduces a firm’s opportunities to grow and to employ people.IPRs protect inventors, creators and businesses from others wrongly profiting from their creations or inventions.it is important for businesses that their intellectual property is protected, through Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs).Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs and symbols, as well as the names and images used by businesses. International Public Procurement Instrument.Online tools and services for smaller businesses.How to use My Trade Assistant for Procurement.How to use My Trade Assistant for Services and Investment. ![]() How to use the Rules of Origin Self-Assessment tool (ROSA).Welcome to Access2Markets to Trade Helpdesk users.Welcome to Access2Markets to Market Access Database users.Pan-Euro-Mediterranean Convention (PEM).Overseas countries and territories (OCT).EPA - Southern African Development Community.Deep and comprehensive free trade agreements.EU-Colombia-Peru-Ecuador Trade Agreement.Intellectual property rights and geographical indications.Customs clearance documents and procedures.Health and consumer protection for animal and plant product.Trade regime and general product safety.General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS).Direct transport or non-manipulation rules.Trade agreements and trade arrangements. ![]() You can share your brand story, company culture, strengths, and achievements through this simple presentation. It creates your brand identity through a storytelling-centered company description.All of which ultimately leads to your business growth. A catchy company profile design can raise capital, win investors, differentiate you from your competitors, and persuade clients.Stakeholders can decide from it if you are the right fit and possess the same business ethics that aligns with their own goals. Your profile acts like a dossier that highlights the company history, philosophy, future plans, and growth roadmap of your business. It creates an opportunity for collaboration.Not convinced of investing in one? Here are more reasons: Why You Need a Company Profile It vibrantly showcases your business and engages with stakeholders about your company’s offerings and unique qualities.ĭid you know that 14% of startups fail because of poor marketing? If you have just launched a new business, or are an SME entrepreneur, you know that any interaction with your stakeholders is a valuable opportunity to make an impactful and lasting first impression. A compelling company profile presentation template should be more than just a brochure. You can’t delete templates that came with Pages.What is a Startup Company Profile Template?Ī startup company profile template is a marketing tool that showcases your brand’s products, services, and activities in a general company overview. If you don’t want to keep the new template, you can delete it from the template chooser (see the task below). If you save it to iCloud, the template appears as a downloadable file in the document manager the next time you open Pages on your iPhone or iPad. Save: Type a name for the template, then choose where you want to save it. Your template appears in the My Templates category in the template chooser. In a page layout document, you can add watermarks and background objects to page templates that are saved with the template.Īdd a background color (page layout documents only): In the Format sidebar, click Background and choose a fill option.Ĭhoose File > Save as Template (from the File menu at the top of your screen), then choose an option:Īdd to Template Chooser: Type a name for the template, then press Return. If the object is on a section layout in a word-processing document, choose Arrange > Section Layouts > Make Section Layouts Selectable (from the Arrange menu at the top of your screen).Ĭreate a media placeholder: Select an image or video, then choose Format > Advanced > Define as Media Placeholder (from the Format menu at the top of your screen).Ĭreate a text placeholder: Select the text, then choose Format > Advanced > Define as Text Placeholder (from the Format menu at the top of your screen).Īdd a watermark or background object: In a word-processing document, select the text or object you want to place on the background, then choose Arrange > Section Layouts > Move Object to Section Layout (from the Arrange menu at the top of your screen). If the object still can’t be deleted, you may have to unlock it first. In Pages, choose File > New (from the File menu at the top of your screen), then double-click the template you want to start with.ĭelete an existing placeholder or background graphic: Select the object you want to remove and press Delete on your keyboard. If you want to use a custom template that’s not in the template chooser, install it first. Note: Only templates that appear in the template chooser can be used to create new templates. If you can’t remove something from a document.Restore an earlier version of a document.Save a large document as a package file.Export to Word, PDF, or another file format.See the latest activity in a shared document.Change the look of chart text and labels.Add a legend, gridlines, and other markings.Change a chart from one type to another.Calculate values using data in table cells. ![]()
Whether or not the community is defined geographically, it still has a geographic context - a setting that it exists in. Understanding the community entails understanding it in a number of ways. What do we mean by understanding and describing the community? A Black art teacher, for example, might see herself (or be seen by others) as a member of the Black, arts, and/or education communities, as well as of a particular faith community. Whichever community defines your work, you will want to get to know it well. While we traditionally think of a community as the people in a given geographical location, the word can really refer to any group sharing something in common - place (such as a city, neighborhood, or school district), experience (such as shared experience of racism), or interest (e.g., a community's concern about poverty or violence prevention). In this section, we'll discuss how you might approach examining the community in some detail and setting down your findings in a community description. It's a good way to gain a comprehensive overview of the community - what it is now, what it's been in the past, and what it could be in the future. A good way to accomplish that is to create a community description - a record of your exploration and findings. Taking the time and effort to understand your community well before embarking on a community effort will pay off in the long term. Carrying out an intervention or building a coalition are far more likely to be successful if they are informed by the culture of the community and an understanding of the relationships among individuals and groups within it. Anything we do in a community requires us to be familiar with its people, its issues, and its history. How do you go about understanding and describing the community?įor those of us who work in community health and development, it's important to understand community - what a community is, and the specific nature of the communities in which we work.Whom should you contact to gather information?.Why make the effort to understand and describe your community?.What do we mean by understanding and describing the community?.Examine the community and record your findings in a community description or overview for credibility and awareness. Satisfy your shortbread cravings with the simple goodness of Keebler Sandies Cashew Shortbread Cookies.Sweet shortbread cookies with the irresistible taste of yummy cashews in every decadent bite they're Uncommonly GoodDelectably crunchy shortbread cookies with the scrumptious taste of crunchy cashews perfect for a sweet treat at school, the office, and as a midday snackBaked to crispy perfection by the lovable Keebler Elves made with pantry perfect staples like enriched flour, sugar, and cashews a classic treat to please the whole familyA delightful anytime dessert snack enjoy with an ice-cold glass of milk or cup of hot coffee or teaConvenient, ready to eat cookies packaged in an 11. Try them with a serving of milk, coffee, or tea - or take your dessert to the next level and create an indulgent ice-cream sandwich. Shop Keebler Sandies Cookies Cashew - 11.2 Oz from Jewel-Osco. Find quality snacks products to add to your Shopping List or order online for. No matter your age, Keebler Sandies Cashew Shortbread Cookies are perfect for snacks at school, the office, traveling, lunchtime, at the game, and more - the Uncommonly Good options are endless. Shop for Keebler Cashew Sandies Cookies (11.2 oz) at Frys Food Stores. These deliciously crumbly cookies have been baked to golden perfection and are made with pantry-perfect staples like enriched flour and real cashews for a satisfying anytime dessert. These yummy treats are fresh from the Hollow Tree and feature delightful melt-in-your-mouth shortbread cookies with crunchy cashews in every bite. ![]() Make snack time a little sweeter with the Keebler Elves and Keebler Sandies Cashew Shortbread Cookies. ![]() This concept sums up various aspects of our proposal and makes it possible to envisage the reason for the presence of some projects and working lines of our platform, associated with the ways in which it is possible to activate and promote other social articulations through art1. By presenting BIENALSUR as an “in-discipline exercise” we place ourselves from the onset at the enunciation point of our project, which seeks to position itself as an alternative space from and through the art system. If you still cannot brew your Ninja Coffee Bar, it may be time to call a professional, or if it is still under warranty, refer to their customer service.One of the powerful actions conducted by those of us who conceived BIENALSUR is “in-discipline”. If you turn off the cleaning indicator, it should return to its pre-1992 state. After that, you can reset the clock by plugging it in again. ![]() To do this – Wait at least five minutes before unplugging your machine from the wall. If your Ninja Coffee Bar is still not working, try resetting it. ![]() Make sure your brew clock is also reset once your machine has been reset, as resetting it will result in the resetting of your brew clock. It should now be able to identify the clean light. Before plugging it back in, unplug the power cord and leave it plugged in for 5-10 minutes. Use 16 ounces of white vinegar or a commercial descaling solution to fill the Coffee Bar’s empty water reservoir. A full descaling cycle is recommended to clear the minerals in the inner valves and tubes of calcium and magnesium. If the Ninja Coffee Bar does not brew, mineral deposits may have accumulated and prevented it from brewing properly. Check the power source, or wall switch, if the clock isn’t working properly. To ensure that the water reservoir is filled to the correct depth, be sure to select the right brew size. Check the user manual or the instruction manual to make sure the coffee bar is properly turned on. To work, the clock must be properly configured. A single machine can be used to make a wide range of coffees, including rich and classic varieties, in just ten minutes. You can use the Ninja coffee bar to make a variety of beverages, including tea, iced coffee, cold brew coffee, and so on. People who require a refreshing beverage to get them up and active can’t do without coffee. Just be sure to consult your owner’s manual for any specific instructions for your model. Setting the clock on your Ninja coffee maker is quick and easy. Ninja Coffeebar is where you can learn how to make coffee and watch some how-to videos. Make sure the Drip Stop is in place in the open position. Under the brew basket, you should select the appropriate vessel size. You can select a brew type based on its desired color. By pressing the four ashing buttons, you can select a brew type. You can change the time by pressing the H (hour) or M (minute) buttons until it is the current time. After setting the correct time, click the clock icon again to save the settings.Use the arrow keys to set the correct time. Press the clock icon until the display changes.The icon will be shaped like a traditional clock face. The clock icon can be found at the bottom of the control panel.This is typically located on the front of the machine. First, locate the control panel on your coffee maker.Here’s a quick guide on how to set the clock on your Ninja coffee maker. If you’re the proud owner of a Ninja coffee maker, you may be wondering how to set the clock on your new appliance. Coffee makers are becoming increasingly sophisticated, as are their instructions. ![]() Step 4Finally, you may choose the conversation you want to print. Step 3After logging into your Google account, choose the backup of the text messages before moving to your Google account. Step 2Next, you need to switch on the connect button to log in to your Google account. Step 1To begin, download the application on your Samsung smartphone For the user to keep the backup, you need to link it with your Google email account via enabling IMAP ( Internet Messaging Access Protocol).įollow these steps to print messages using SMS backup+ It also works by keeping the backup of the messages on the SD card. SMS Backup+ is also another easy recovery of print SMS messages. A Smart Way to Print Text Messages from Samsung through SMS Backup+ Step 3After copying the messages, you can paste them into the Microsoft Word Document, click the File and the Printer icon, and print it out. Click the right mouse button, and a small window interface will appear select Copy Image. Step 2Next, once your email has been sent, open your Gmail inbox and copy the message. And log in with your email account and your password. And choose the desired conversations and send them to your Gmail account by clicking OK. To begin, Open the SMS app on your Samsung phone, then find and tick the Backup SMS option. Step 1Email Samsung Messages to your Gmail Account. However, make sure that your Message app comes with the email feature.įollow the steps on how to print SMS from Samsung using Gmail. It could be an alternative way to print Android text messages using a Gmail account to email them to your computer. Printing Text Messages from Samsung with GmailĪs long as the user export messages from your Android phone to a PC, there is always a way to print out the text messages from a Samsung phone on a PC. Step 4Finally, send your screenshot to the printer, and you can print it out. Step 3After that, you must connect your Android phone to a printer using OTG (On-The-Go connector). Simultaneously, you must hold the power button plus + home/power plus + volume down. Step 2Next, take a screenshot of your text message. And you need to find the conversation you want to print. Step 1To begin, Go to the Messages on your Samsung Galaxy. These are some steps on how to print text messages from my Android. It's the more practical choice if you want to print a single portion of a conversation or a conversation that can be displayed on a single screen. ![]() This way, you won't need a PC if your Samsung device has an OTG feature. Instead, of printing the messages from your Galaxy as actual text messages, you can have them printed in image form by taking some screenshots. Suppose the user doesn't want to use an intermediary program. An Efficient Way to Print SMS from Samsung via Screenshots Step 5Finally, after saving the text messages to your PC, select the messages you want to print out, and that's it! Part 2. Step 4After that, click the export to computer icon and select what file is to be saved on a folder. Step 3Select the important text messages you want to save on your PC. Then, click the Messages icon on the left panel of your interface. Step 2Next, you will see the tool's main interface and your device's connection. Then connect your phone to your computer via USB cable, and it will automatically detect your device. Step 1To start the process, you need to install FoneLab HyperTrans on your PC. Here are some of the steps on how to print text messages from Samsung ![]() We know it's hard to remember a different password for every account, since many web users have dozens or even hundreds of different accounts. How do I manage different passwords for each account? Any data breach that occurs could include enough personally identifiable information that an attacker could figure out your username for different web services. This is widely believed to be one of the most common ways by which accounts on very security-conscious web sites get cracked and the accounts broken into: because users have used the same password on some other site which gets penetrated in a way that reveals their password.ĭoes altering my username make me safe even if I use the same password? As a concrete example, if you use the same password for LinkedIn, Gmail, and Bank of America, then it is critical that you change your passwords for the latter two websites, else there is a good chance your Gmail and Bank of America accounts could be compromised. In this sense, your security across all web services for which you use a given password is only as strong as the weakest link. That's because attackers love to re-try cracked passwords with known or guessed usernames on other sites. However, if you re-use the same password for other online services, you are at risk for all of those services so long as a data breach occurs in any of them and your password is revealed. In fact, because of LinkedIn's failure to use a salt (which would make the password-checking algorithm more specific to the site or to each individual user), attackers can simply compare the database against pre-computed versions of all of the above, and more, quickly getting an exhaustive list of exactly who has used every guessable password, in an extremely broad sense of "guessable".Īt first blush, you might think that changing your LinkedIn password is sufficient to stay safe. This is significant because attackers actually do these things whenever a password database like LinkedIn's gets leaked. It's also straightforward for attackers to try every short sequence of letters, whether it's meaningful or not. More significantly, this process can be automated to quickly check quadrillions of possible passwords: every word in every language, forwards and backwards, with various digits at the end every two- or three-word English phrase every Bible verse or line from Shakespeare, or every citation to any of these and much more. For example, an attacker can instantly get a list of any and all LinkedIn users whose password was "password123", "secret", or any other term. The leak doesn't directly tell attackers LinkedIn users' passwords, but it enables a trivial and fast way for attackers to confirm their guesses about passwords, and to check exactly which LinkedIn accounts use a particular password. What's the consequence of the LinkedIn leak? We understand there are trade-offs between secure password management and convenience we think a good balance is achieved by using a password safe for at least the vast majority of online accounts, with the option to memorize a few strong and distinct passwords for the cloud services one needs to access most frequently and from new devices. In particular, we want to emphasize that users should never re-use passwords across multiple accounts, and that using a password safe provides an easy way to manage lots of strong passwords across multiple online accounts. In light of the data breach at LinkedIn last week, in which 6.5 million unsalted SHA-1 hashes of account passwords were leaked publicly, we thought this would be a good opportunity to remind users about best practices for managing passwords online in order to stay safe. |
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